Dynamic Changes in Biochemical Markers in Stroke Management: Tracking Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile, Electrolytes, and Liver Function from Admission to Discharge and Their Association with Initial Stroke Presentation
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Abstract
Background: Stroke remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. It represents a major neurological emergency requiring rapid assessment and management. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in biochemical markers during stroke management, specifically focusing on blood glucose, lipid profile, electrolytes, liver function, and their association with stroke presentation in patients admitted to Chittagong Medical College between July and December 2024. Methods: This prospective observational study included 105 stroke patients aged over 40. Blood samples were collected upon admission and at discharge to assess biochemical markers, including random blood glucose, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C), electrolytes (sodium, potassium), liver function (ALT, AST), renal function (urea, creatinine), and inflammatory markers (CRP). Changes in these parameters from admission to discharge were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: Significant reductions were observed in random blood glucose (182.5 ± 42.1 mg/dL to 134.7 ± 26.3 mg/dL, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (202.3 ± 35.4 mg/dL to 188.9 ± 32.5 mg/dL, p < 0.01), triglycerides (176.6 ± 46.7 mg/dL to 158.2 ± 40.9 mg/dL, p < 0.05), and LDL-C (132.7 ± 30.6 mg/dL to 120.3 ± 28.1 mg/dL, p < 0.01), while HDL-C increased (39.4 ± 8.2 mg/dL to 42.1 ± 7.6 mg/dL, p < 0.05). Electrolytes showed an improvement, with serum sodium rising significantly (133.8 ± 4.7 mmol/L to 136.2 ± 3.9 mmol/L, p < 0.01). Renal function markers, urea and creatinine, also decreased significantly (p < 0.05). CRP levels decreased from 12.6 ± 6.2 mg/L to 6.8 ± 3.1 mg/L (p < 0.001), reflecting a reduction in systemic inflammation. Conclusion: This study highlights significant biochemical changes during stroke management, particularly improvements in glucose control, lipid profile, electrolyte balance, and inflammation. The findings underscore the importance of monitoring these biomarkers in the acute phase of stroke to optimize treatment and improve patient outcomes.
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